Below is a collection of different quotes, findings and research from several educational researchers and educational journals who also understand the importance of physical education in a students school day. These quotes, findings and research highlights the key concepts of the major themes of this action research study.
Classroom Benefits:
“Regular activity during the school day is strongly associated with higher concentration levels as well as more directed, composed behavior.” -Allison Dakto
“CE (Coordinative exercise) might lead to a pre-activation of parts of the brain which are also responsible for mediating functions like attention” - Budde et. al
“Though a lack of attention on PE is often justified as an opportunity to spend more time in the classroom, studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance” -Allison Datko
Cognitive Benefits:
“In children, associations between greater aerobic fitness and higher cognitive functioning have been reported. Also, there is evidence of aerobic fitness level moderating aspects of academic performance and children exhibiting increased ‘on-task’ classroom behaviour after brief exercise interventions” -Hill. Et. al
“Collectively, these findings indicate that single, acute bouts of moderately-intense aerobic exercise (i.e. walking) may improve the cognitive control of attention in preadolescent children, and further support the use of moderate acute exercise as a contributing factor for increasing attention and academic performance”-Hillman et al
Health Benefits:
“The more fitness tests the students could pass the better their math scores seemed to be. For each number of fitness test a student could pass there would be a 38% increase in their math score” Chomitz et. al
The site PHIT AMERICE: A movement for a Fit and Healthy focuses on keeping the youth healthy and fit while providing insight to the importance of physical activity in a students day. This site has set its goals to reach Americans young and old to see the purpose of living a healthy life style. It shows nation wide statistics, highlights benefits of physical education and activity, inactivity and obesity crisis and how to make a positive change in any person’s lifestyle. -Baugh et al
Reference
Baugh, J., Jacobs, C., May, M., & Sells, B. (n.d.). PHIT America - A Movement for a Fit &
Healthy America. PHIT America - A Movement for a Fit & Healthy America. Retrieved June 26, 2014, from http://www.phitamerica.org/
Budde,. Voelcker-Rehage, Claudia. Pietrabyk-Kendziorra, Sascha. Henning Ribeiro,
Pedro. Tidwo, Gunter. (2008). Acute Coordinative Excerise Improves Attentional Performance in Adolescents, 441(2):
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.024
Chomitz, V. R., Slining, M. M., McGowan, R. J., Mitchell, S. E., Dawson, G. F. and Hacker,
K. A. (2009), Is There a Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement? Positive Results From Public School Children in the Northeastern United States. Journal of School Health, 79: 30–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00371.x
Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, Kumanyika S, et al.
Overweight in children and adolescents: Pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Circulation. 2005;111(15):1999–2012.
Datko, Alison. “What Are the Benefits of Physical Education in School? Livestrong.com.
Demand Media, Inc., 2011. Retrieved June 28th, 2014. From
http://www.livestrong.com/article/529108-what-are-the-benefits-of-physical-education-in-school/
Davis, C., Tomporowski, P., Boyle, C., Waller, J., Miller, P., Naglieri, J., and Gregoski,
M. (2007). Effects of aerobic exercise on overweight children's cognitive functioning. National Institutes of Health, 78. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2662758/
Hill, L., Williams, J., Aucott, L., Thomson, J., Williams, M., Milne, J., et al. (n.d.).
Exercising attention within the classroom. [Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20370813
Hill, L., Williams, J., Aucott, L., Thomson, J., & Mon-Williams, M. (2011). How does
exercise benefit performance on cognitive tests in primary school pupils . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53(7). doi/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03954.x
Hillman, C., Pontifex, M., Raine, L., Castelli, D., Hall, E., & Kramer, A. (2009). The
effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children . Neuroscience, 159(3). Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452209001171
Strauss RS, Pollack HA. Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986-1998.
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001;286(22):2845–2
Classroom Benefits:
“Regular activity during the school day is strongly associated with higher concentration levels as well as more directed, composed behavior.” -Allison Dakto
“CE (Coordinative exercise) might lead to a pre-activation of parts of the brain which are also responsible for mediating functions like attention” - Budde et. al
“Though a lack of attention on PE is often justified as an opportunity to spend more time in the classroom, studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance” -Allison Datko
Cognitive Benefits:
“In children, associations between greater aerobic fitness and higher cognitive functioning have been reported. Also, there is evidence of aerobic fitness level moderating aspects of academic performance and children exhibiting increased ‘on-task’ classroom behaviour after brief exercise interventions” -Hill. Et. al
“Collectively, these findings indicate that single, acute bouts of moderately-intense aerobic exercise (i.e. walking) may improve the cognitive control of attention in preadolescent children, and further support the use of moderate acute exercise as a contributing factor for increasing attention and academic performance”-Hillman et al
Health Benefits:
“The more fitness tests the students could pass the better their math scores seemed to be. For each number of fitness test a student could pass there would be a 38% increase in their math score” Chomitz et. al
The site PHIT AMERICE: A movement for a Fit and Healthy focuses on keeping the youth healthy and fit while providing insight to the importance of physical activity in a students day. This site has set its goals to reach Americans young and old to see the purpose of living a healthy life style. It shows nation wide statistics, highlights benefits of physical education and activity, inactivity and obesity crisis and how to make a positive change in any person’s lifestyle. -Baugh et al
Reference
Baugh, J., Jacobs, C., May, M., & Sells, B. (n.d.). PHIT America - A Movement for a Fit &
Healthy America. PHIT America - A Movement for a Fit & Healthy America. Retrieved June 26, 2014, from http://www.phitamerica.org/
Budde,. Voelcker-Rehage, Claudia. Pietrabyk-Kendziorra, Sascha. Henning Ribeiro,
Pedro. Tidwo, Gunter. (2008). Acute Coordinative Excerise Improves Attentional Performance in Adolescents, 441(2):
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.024
Chomitz, V. R., Slining, M. M., McGowan, R. J., Mitchell, S. E., Dawson, G. F. and Hacker,
K. A. (2009), Is There a Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement? Positive Results From Public School Children in the Northeastern United States. Journal of School Health, 79: 30–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00371.x
Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, Kumanyika S, et al.
Overweight in children and adolescents: Pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Circulation. 2005;111(15):1999–2012.
Datko, Alison. “What Are the Benefits of Physical Education in School? Livestrong.com.
Demand Media, Inc., 2011. Retrieved June 28th, 2014. From
http://www.livestrong.com/article/529108-what-are-the-benefits-of-physical-education-in-school/
Davis, C., Tomporowski, P., Boyle, C., Waller, J., Miller, P., Naglieri, J., and Gregoski,
M. (2007). Effects of aerobic exercise on overweight children's cognitive functioning. National Institutes of Health, 78. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2662758/
Hill, L., Williams, J., Aucott, L., Thomson, J., Williams, M., Milne, J., et al. (n.d.).
Exercising attention within the classroom. [Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20370813
Hill, L., Williams, J., Aucott, L., Thomson, J., & Mon-Williams, M. (2011). How does
exercise benefit performance on cognitive tests in primary school pupils . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53(7). doi/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03954.x
Hillman, C., Pontifex, M., Raine, L., Castelli, D., Hall, E., & Kramer, A. (2009). The
effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children . Neuroscience, 159(3). Retrieved April 20, 2012, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452209001171
Strauss RS, Pollack HA. Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986-1998.
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001;286(22):2845–2